Wednesday, March 27, 2013

25 Cape Vultures and a Fish Eagle!

Pure Joy!

That is what we caught this past week during the second Mkambati vulture capture. Long story short, one of the GPS transmitters was not working correctly on our previous trapping trip. We decided not to put that unit on a bird. Therefore, I needed to organize another trapping trip to deploy a replacement unit as well as three units from Avi-Track.

After months of planning, the week of the capture was upon us. My team stayed at Riverside Lodge, which is located on the ocean at Mkambati Nature Reserve. It is large enough to hold 20 people; however it is about a 30-45 minute drive to the vulture trap. We needed to be in the hide at the vulture trap before 5:45AM. Talk about a morning commute!

We did that morning commute three days in a row with no success. Two team members and I sat in the hide, quiet and patient. The hide is in the shape of a triangle and is covered with multiple layers of green shade cloth. I was quite tired of triangles and the color green after three days.

The vultures were not playing our game those first three days. First of all, the wind was gusting up to 12 kph or 7mph. The birds would circle over the trap with the freshly dead zebra (which was procured by yours truly – stayed tuned for that adventure!) Some even landed on the ground! On the ground, on the complete opposite side of the entrance to the walk in trap. And the peak of frustration was when the vultures were perching on top of the trap for hours looking down at the free meal! We were having luck attracting a Fish Eagle (Haliaeetus vocifer). While feeding on the carcass, it would chase the Cape Vultures away! 
Vultures on the trap, while we sit in the triangle hide to the right. 
One the fourth day, which was Sunday March 17th, the celebration of St. Patrick, we caught the birds! We had placed another dead zebra inside of the trap, while the previous zebra was placed in front of the trap door. The vultures were on the zebra outside of the trap by 6:20AM making their guttural noises as they gorged themselves and put the Fish Eagle in his place. The eagle saw the dead zebra inside of the trap and went to feed on it. The vultures finished off the zebra outside, and the mob began to inch over to the trap where the fish eagle was eating.  At this moment, I was so nervous. At any moment the vultures could be scared off and not come back for another day. On top of that, members of my team had to leave that day. So the pressure was on!

The vultures’ instinct took over and a group of 20 birds were feeding happily in the trap, while more were waiting to get in. That is when we pulled the curtain closed and successfully caught 25 Cape Vultures and that pesky Fish Eagle!

On closer expectation, we re-trapped one of the birds from the November trapping trip. This was great because I had already collected the measurements from this bird. That bird was then fitted with a GPS transmitter.

In total we wing-tagged 24 Cape Vultures and deployed four GPS transmitters. I have a total sample size of nine adult vultures with transmitters and 34 wing-tagged birds. The following day at the vulture colony, we re-sighted 16 of the birds! I look forward to following the movements of the birds as well as their journey through the breeding season.

I would like to say thank you to the team that helped with this capture.  It was truly a magical week!

The men making a plan!

One of the vultures being fitted with a transmitter.
Taking measurements of the dangerous part!
A vulture with a transmitter  being released.

The group with the trap, ocean, and a vulture in the background.

Saturday, March 9, 2013

Parks and People 2013: Full Circle


Part of the 2013 Parks and People group in the field. Photo credit Jan Venter.
Flashback to March 2010, I was 20 years old and about to return to the States after a life-changing experience. Me and 12 other Penn State students traveled to South Africa on a study abroad program called Parks and People. We focused on the interactions between the local communities and the nature reserves. By traveling through South Africa, we had numerous case studies to sink our teeth into. However, the majority of our trip was based at Dwesa/Cwebe in the Eastern Cape Province, in the region know as the former Transkei.

The dominate land use of the former Transkei is substance agriculture and the majority ethic group are the AmaXhosa. How they interact with the protected land is quite complicated. As a undergrad in Wildlife and Fishery Science, I was of the ecology perspective. In real life conservation, one must attempt to balance the biology with the social side. In South Africa, this includes the complex system of land ownership, race dynamics, and the underlying political agenda! So can you can see how Parks and People is still attracting interested students from a variety of majors, three years later!

This year, the students spent two weeks at Mazeppa Bay in the Eastern Cape. One of their case studies was the Manubi Forest. This is a patch of old growth forest with large Yellow wood trees (Podocarpus latifolius). These patches can be compared to islands, as the surrounding matrix is grassland. There are plans in the works to make this forest a nature reserve, and bring in African Buffalo (Syncerus caffer). Some of these animals will be owned by the community, and they would be able to sell the buffalo. One buffalo was recently sold for over 1 million US dollars!

I was brought in with a group of biologists to conduct surveys in the purposed area. We were tasked to do a complete inventory of the frog, dragonfly, snake, skink, mammal, fish, and birds in the area. The information gathered will be used as a baseline data. Three years down the line, these surveys can be repeated and changes can be detected.

Needless to say I had so much fun birding all day for 9 days straight! I did six point counts a day on different transects. I was up at the crack of dawn and soon learned all of the forest robin calls by heart! That Olive Woodpecker call did mix me up at first! I had my bird calls in hand, and my new portable speaker. After the 10 minutes of uninterrupted listening, I would play the bird calls to make sure I had the ID right.

Each trip, I had one or two Penn State students with me, along with two rangers. Everyone was very enthusiastic! One trip we did get lost, but that is what happens when you go bundu bashing through the thick bush with a crappy GPS!

Some highlights from the trip: my first Mangrove Kingfisher, Sanderlings, and the endangered Kloof Frog. This is the furthest south record for this endangered frog, so as a team we witnessed the range expansion of a species! And guess who caught the adult specimens? Yep that was me!

Sanderlings running in and out of the surf.

I also got to literally hang onto a boat during a surf launch. As I sat upfront of this 'rubber duck' holding on to the bars behind my back, I felt like I was being sacrificed to the ocean that was raging before me. I did not fall off, and have gained a great appreciation for ocean vessels!

It was quite sad to leave the group, as I really enjoyed my time with them! I hope that the students soak up this experience and keep that gusto for learning! And who knows, you may find your way back to this amazing place called South Africa!

Cape Longclaw

Sandwich Tern


Kloof Frog. Photo credit Werner Conradie.

Mangrove Kingfisher



Sunday, March 3, 2013

A Drakensberg Weekend



Bathtub with a view.

A few weekends ago, I had the opportunity to visit the Mclean farm in the Drakensberg Mountains. The Drakensburg is a World Heritage Site, and their name means Dragon Mountain. It is only about an hour and a half away from Pietermaritzburg!

A section of the mountain covered in mist. 
Besides getting away for the weekend, I wanted to investigate were Cape Vulture X033 had been roosting for the past two weeks. Yes a vulture from the Eastern Cape was roosting in the Drakensburg! Quite a far distance for this bird to move! Granted it is the vulture non-breeding season and there are no hungry chicks to feed at the colony in the Eastern Cape.

However, when we went to investigate the bird’s location on Sunday, we checked the website, and it had already begun to move back down to Mkambati! Of course the time I wanted to check on it, it decides to move! But that’s females for you!

Despite not seeing the vulture, I had a great time exploring the farm and hanging out with the Mclean family. One of the highlights was seeing my first rock art, or cave paintings. These were done by the San people, a pastoral group of people that inhabited the Drakensburg. One of the main reasons this is a world heritage site is because of the number of rock art one can see and its accessibility. In order to preserve the paints, you have to go with a registered guide. Glen was my guide, and I was so thankful! He didn't tell me exactly where the paintings were on the cliff face. He just said “from this point on don’t touch anything!’

Below is the cliff face from far away. You can barely even see anything!
Can you spot the rock art?

 But looking closer, you find human figures and two elands.

I stood back in awe of these paintings and that I was sharing space with this beautiful piece of human history. I can’t wait to see some more!

Some of the figures.
Up close shot.


Figure walking

Part of the eland, its neck is on the left. 
Special flowers adapted to Sugarbirds and Sunbirds. 

We stayed in 'Stoneage'.